# 姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕畝浠嬪強搴旂敤
## 涓�銆佸紩瑷�
鍦ㄧ幇浠ｇ紪绋嬪拰鏁版嵁澶勭悊涓�锛屾枃鏈�澶勭悊鏄�涓�涓�涓嶅彲鎴栫己鐨勯儴鍒嗐�傛棤璁烘槸绠�鍗曠殑瀛楃�︿覆鏇挎崲锛岃繕鏄�澶嶆潅鐨勬暟鎹�瑙ｆ瀽锛屾�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忥紙Regular Expressions锛岀畝绉皉egex鎴杛egexp锛夐兘琚�骞挎硾浣跨敤銆傛�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忔彁渚涗簡涓�绉嶅己澶ц�岀伒娲荤殑鏂瑰紡鏉ュ尮閰嶅拰澶勭悊鏂囨湰鏁版嵁銆傛湰鏂囧皢娣卞叆浠嬬粛姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鍩烘湰姒傚康銆佽��娉曘�佸父鐢ㄥ簲鐢ㄥ満鏅�浠ュ強涓�浜涙渶浣冲疄璺点��
## 浜屻�佹�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鍩烘湰姒傚康
姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忔槸涓�绉嶇敤浜庡尮閰嶅瓧绗︿覆鐨勭壒瀹氭ā寮忋�傚畠涓嶄粎鍙�浠ョ敤鏉ユ煡鎵惧瓧绗︿覆锛岃繕鑳藉�熸墽琛屾浛鎹㈠拰楠岃瘉鎿嶄綔銆傛�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕敱涓�绯诲垪瀛楃�﹀拰鐗规畩绗﹀彿缁勬垚锛岃繖浜涚�﹀彿鍐冲畾浜嗗尮閰嶇殑瑙勫垯銆�
### 1. 缁勬垚閮ㄥ垎
姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鍩烘湰缁勬垚閮ㄥ垎涓昏�佸寘鎷�浠ヤ笅鍑犵被锛�
- **鏅�閫氬瓧绗�**锛氬寘鎷�鎵�鏈夊瓧姣嶃�佹暟瀛楀拰鍏朵粬闈炵壒娈婂瓧绗︼紝濡俙a-z`銆乣A-Z`銆乣0-9`銆� - **棰勫畾涔夊瓧绗︾被**锛氬�俙\d`锛堝尮閰嶆暟瀛楋級銆乣\w`锛堝尮閰嶅瓧姣嶆暟瀛楀瓧绗﹀拰涓嬪垝绾匡級銆乣\s`锛堝尮閰嶇┖鐧藉瓧绗︼級銆� - **杈圭晫鍖归厤**锛氱敤`^`琛ㄧず琛岀殑寮�濮嬶紝`$`琛ㄧず琛岀殑缁撴潫銆� - **鏁伴噺璇�**锛氬�俙*`锛堝尮閰�0娆℃垨澶氭�★級銆乣+`锛堝尮閰�1娆℃垨澶氭�★級銆乣?`锛堝尮閰�0娆℃垨1娆★級鍙奰{n,m}`锛堝尮閰峮鍒癿娆★級銆� - **鍒嗙粍鍜岄�夋嫨**锛氱敤灏忔嫭鍙穈()`杩涜�屽垎缁勶紝鐢ㄧ珫绾縛|`琛ㄧず閫夋嫨銆� - **杞�涔夊瓧绗�**锛氱敤`\`鏉ヨ浆涔夌壒娈婂瓧绗︼紝濡俙\.`,`\*`绛夈��
### 2. 绀轰緥
浠ヤ笅鏄�涓�浜涚畝鍗曠殑姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓強鍏惰В閲婏細
- `\d{3}`锛氬尮閰嶄笁涓�鏁板瓧銆� - `\w+@\w+\.\w+`锛氬尮閰嶇畝鍗曠殑鐢靛瓙閭�浠舵牸寮忋�� - `^[A-Z].*`锛氬尮閰嶄互澶у啓瀛楁瘝寮�澶寸殑瀛楃�︿覆銆� - `\bword\b`锛氬尮閰嶇嫭绔嬬殑鍗曡瘝鈥渨ord鈥濄��
## 涓夈�佹�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑搴旂敤鍦烘櫙
姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓湪澶氱�嶇紪绋嬭��瑷�鍜屽伐鍏蜂腑鍧囨湁搴旂敤锛屼互涓嬫槸涓�浜涘父瑙佺殑浣跨敤鍦烘櫙銆�
### 1. 鏁版嵁楠岃瘉
鍦ㄦ暟鎹�褰曞叆杩囩▼涓�锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄦ�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕‘淇濊緭鍏ョ殑鏁版嵁绗﹀悎鐗瑰畾鏍煎紡銆備緥濡傦紝鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢ㄦ�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忛獙璇佺敤鎴锋敞鍐屾椂杈撳叆鐨勬墜鏈哄彿鐮併�侀偖绠卞湴鍧�銆佽韩浠借瘉鍙风爜绛夈��
```python import re
def validate_email(email): pattern = r'^[\w\.-]+@[\w\.-]+\.\w+$' return re.match(pattern, email) is not None
print(validate_email('test@example.com')) # True print(validate_email('invalid-email')) # False ```
### 2. 鏂囨湰鎼滅储涓庢浛鎹�
姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓彲浠ュ湪鏂囨湰涓�鏌ユ壘骞舵浛鎹㈢壒瀹氱殑妯″紡銆備緥濡傦紝鍙�浠ヤ娇鐢ㄦ�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忔潵娓呯悊鏂囨湰锛屽幓闄ゆ墍鏈夌殑HTML鏍囩�俱��
```python import re
def remove_html_tags(text): clean = re.compile('<.*?>') return re.sub(clean, '', text)
html_text = "

Hello, world!

" clean_text = remove_html_tags(html_text) print(clean_text) # Hello, world! ```
### 3. 鏁版嵁鎻愬彇
姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓彲浠ョ敤浜庝粠澶嶆潅鐨勬枃鏈�涓�鎻愬彇鎵�闇�鐨勪俊鎭�銆備緥濡傦紝浠庢棩蹇楁枃浠朵腑鎻愬彇鏃堕棿鎴炽�両P鍦板潃绛夋暟鎹�銆�
```python import re
log = "2023-10-01 12:00:01 ERROR 192.168.1.1 User not found" ip_pattern = r'(\d{1,3}\.){3}\d{1,3}' ip_match = re.search(ip_pattern, log) if ip_match: print(ip_match.group()) # 192.168.1.1 ```
### 4. 鍒嗚瘝澶勭悊
鍦ㄨ嚜鐒惰��瑷�澶勭悊锛圢LP锛夐�嗗煙锛屾�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓父鐢ㄤ簬鍒嗚瘝锛屽嵆灏嗕竴娈垫枃鏈�鎷嗗垎鎴愬崟鐙�鐨勮瘝銆�
```python import re
text = "Hello, world! This is a test." words = re.findall(r'\b\w+\b', text) print(words) # ['Hello', 'world', 'This', 'is', 'a', 'test'] ```
## 鍥涖�佹�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鏈�浣冲疄璺�
鍦ㄤ娇鐢ㄦ�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忔椂锛屽簲閬靛惊涓�浜涙渶浣冲疄璺碉紝浠ユ彁鍗囦唬鐮佺殑鍙�璇绘�у拰鍙�缁存姢鎬с��
### 1. 鏄庣‘琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鐩�鐨�
鍦ㄧ紪鍐欐�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忎箣鍓嶏紝鏄庣‘浣犺�佸疄鐜扮殑鐩�鏍囥�傛棤璁烘槸鎼滅储銆佹浛鎹�锛岃繕鏄�楠岃瘉锛屾竻鏅扮殑鐩�鏍囧皢甯�鍔╀綘鏇村ソ鍦版瀯寤烘�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忋��
### 2. 浣跨敤娉ㄩ噴
瀵逛簬澶嶆潅鐨勬�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忥紝閫傚綋鐨勬敞閲婂彲浠ユ瀬澶у湴鎻愰珮鍙�璇绘�с�傚湪Python涓�锛屽彲浠ヤ娇鐢╜re.VERBOSE`妯″紡鏉ヤ功鍐欏甫娉ㄩ噴鐨勬�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忋��
```python pattern = re.compile(r""" ^ # 琛岀殑寮�濮� (?P\w+) # 鎹曡幏涓�涓�鍗曡瘝锛堝�撳悕锛� \s+ # 绌虹櫧瀛楃�� (?P\d+) # 鎹曡幏涓�涓�鏁板瓧锛堝勾榫勶級 $ # 琛岀殑缁撴潫 """, re.VERBOSE) ```
### 3. 閫愭�ユ瀯寤哄拰娴嬭瘯
鍦ㄥ垱寤哄�嶆潅鐨勬�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忔椂锛屽缓璁�鍏堜粠绠�鍗曠殑妯″紡寮�濮嬶紝閫愭�ュ�炲姞澶嶆潅鎬э紝骞惰繘琛屾祴璇曘�傚彲浠ヤ娇鐢ㄥ湪绾挎�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忔祴璇曞伐鍏凤紙濡俁egex101锛夋潵瀹炴椂妫�鏌ヨ〃杈惧紡鐨勫尮閰嶆儏鍐点��
### 4. 娉ㄦ剰鎬ц兘
姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忓湪澶勭悊澶ф枃鏈�鏃讹紝鍙�鑳戒細褰卞搷鎬ц兘銆傚敖閲忛伩鍏嶄娇鐢ㄨ繃浜庡�嶆潅鐨勮〃杈惧紡锛屽挨鍏舵槸鍥炴函锛坆acktracking锛変細瀵艰嚧鎬ц兘涓嬮檷鐨勫満鏅�銆�
## 浜斻�佺粨璁�
姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忔槸鏂囨湰澶勭悊棰嗗煙涓�涓�绉嶅己澶х殑宸ュ叿锛岃兘澶熷府鍔╁紑鍙戣�呰交鏉惧疄鐜版暟鎹�楠岃瘉銆佹枃鏈�鎼滅储涓庢浛鎹�銆佹暟鎹�鎻愬彇绛夊姛鑳姐�傞�氳繃鎺屾彙姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鍩烘湰璇�娉曞拰搴旂敤鍦烘櫙锛屽紑鍙戣�呭彲浠ュ湪椤圭洰涓�楂樻晥鍦板�勭悊鍚勭�嶆枃鏈�鏁版嵁銆�
鍦ㄥ疄闄呭簲鐢ㄤ腑锛屽悎鐞嗗埄鐢ㄦ�ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忕殑鐏垫椿鎬у拰寮哄ぇ鍔熻兘锛屽悓鏃堕伒寰�鏈�浣冲疄璺碉紝灏嗕娇寰椾唬鐮佹洿鍏峰彲璇绘�у拰缁存姢鎬с�傚笇鏈涙湰绡囨枃绔犺兘澶熷府鍔╄�昏�呮洿娣卞叆鍦扮悊瑙ｅ拰搴旂敤姝ｅ垯琛ㄨ揪寮忥紝涓轰粖鍚庣殑缂栫▼瀹炶返鎻愪緵渚垮埄銆�