鏃ユ湰鏄ョ敾锛屼綔涓轰竴绉嶇嫭鐗圭殑鑹烘湳褰㈠紡锛屾簮浜庢睙鎴锋椂浠ｏ紝鍏锋湁涓板瘜鐨勬枃鍖栧簳钑村拰鍘嗗彶鑳屾櫙銆傚畠涓嶄粎鏄�涓�绉嶈�嗚�夎壓鏈�锛屾洿鏄�涓�绉嶇ぞ浼氱幇璞★紝浣撶幇浜嗗綋鏃舵棩鏈�绀句細鐨勬�ц�傚康鍜岀編瀛﹁拷姹傘�傛湰鏂囧皢浠庢槬鐢荤殑璧锋簮銆佺壒鐐广�佹枃鍖栬儗鏅�銆佷互鍙婂叾瀵圭幇浠ｇぞ浼氱殑褰卞搷绛夋柟闈㈣繘琛屽叏闈㈡帰璁ㄣ��
### 鏄ョ敾鐨勮捣婧愪笌鍘嗗彶鍙戝睍
鏄ョ敾锛圫hunga锛夊瓧闈㈡剰鎬濇槸鈥滄槬鐨勭敾鈥濓紝閫氬父琚�鐞嗚В涓烘秹鍙婃�ц�屼负鐨勫浘鍍忋�傚叾璧锋簮鍙�浠ヨ拷婧�鍒版棩鏈�鐨勫钩瀹夋椂浠ｏ紝浣嗗湪姹熸埛鏃朵唬锛�1603-1868骞达級杈惧埌浜嗗穮宄般�傝繖涓�鏃舵湡锛岄殢鐫�缁忔祹鐨勫彂灞曞拰鍩庡競鏂囧寲鐨勭箒鑽ｏ紝鏄ョ敾閫愭笎鎴愪负涓�绉嶆祦琛岀殑鑹烘湳褰㈠紡銆�
姹熸埛鏃朵唬鐨勭ぞ浼氱粨鏋勫拰鏂囧寲姘涘洿涓烘槬鐢荤殑鍒涗綔鎻愪緵浜嗚偉娌冪殑鍦熷￥銆傝繖涓�鏃舵湡锛屽晢浜洪樁灞傜殑宕涜捣鍜屽煄甯傚寲杩涚▼鍔犲揩锛屼娇寰楄秺鏉ヨ秺澶氱殑浜哄彲浠ユ帴瑙﹀拰娆ｈ祻杩欎簺鑹烘湳浣滃搧銆傛槬鐢讳笉浠呴檺浜庢�ц�屼负鐨勬弿缁橈紝杩樺父甯歌瀺鍏ョ�炶瘽銆佸巻鍙层�侀�庢櫙绛夊厓绱狅紝浣垮叾鏇村叿鑹烘湳鎬т笌瑙傝祻鎬с��
### 鏄ョ敾鐨勮壓鏈�鐗圭偣
鏄ョ敾鐨勮壓鏈�鐗圭偣涓昏�佷綋鐜板湪浠ヤ笅鍑犱釜鏂归潰锛�
1. **缁嗚吇鐨勫伐鑹�**锛氭槬鐢婚�氬父浣跨敤鏈ㄧ増鐢绘妧鏈�锛岀敾宸ョ粏鑵伙紝鑹插僵缁氫附锛岄�氳繃灞傚眰鍙犲姞鐨勫伐鑹猴紝灞曠幇鍑轰赴瀵岀殑瑙嗚�夋晥鏋溿�� 2. **鐢熷姩鐨勮〃鐜�**锛氭槬鐢诲湪琛ㄧ幇浜虹被鎯呮劅鍜屾�ц�屼负鏂归潰鐩稿綋鐢熷姩锛屼綔鍝佷腑甯稿父铻嶅叆鎴忓墽鎯呰妭锛屼娇涔嬩笉浠呬粎鏄�鍗曠函鐨勬�ф弿缁橈紝鏇村�氱殑鏄�瀵圭敓娲荤殑鍙嶆�濆拰瀵逛汉闄呭叧绯荤殑鎺㈣�ㄣ��
3. **鏂囧寲璞″緛**锛氭槬鐢讳腑鐨勫コ鎬у舰璞￠�氬父琚�鐞嗘兂鍖栵紝鍙嶆槧浜嗗綋鏃剁ぞ浼氬�瑰コ鎬х殑瀹＄編鏍囧噯銆傚悓鏃讹紝鏄ョ敾涔熼�氳繃涓�浜涜薄寰佹�х殑鍏冪礌锛岃〃杈句簡瀵规槬澶╋紙鐢熷懡銆佺箒鑽ｏ級鐨勫悜寰�銆�
4. **骞介粯鍜岃�藉埡**锛氳�稿�氭槬鐢讳綔鍝佷腑鍚�鏈夊菇榛樺拰璁藉埡鐨勬垚鍒嗭紝鍙嶆槧鍑哄綋鏃剁ぞ浼氱殑姘戜織鏂囧寲鍜屼汉浠�鐨勭敓娲荤姸鎬併�傝繖绉嶅菇榛樻劅甯稿父璁╄�傝�呬細蹇冧竴绗戯紝澧炲姞浜嗕綔鍝佺殑瓒ｅ懗鎬с��
### 鏄ョ敾鐨勬枃鍖栬儗鏅�
鏄ョ敾鐨勭洓琛屼笌姹熸埛鏃朵唬鐨勭ぞ浼氶�庢皵瀵嗕笉鍙�鍒嗐�傚湪杩欎竴鏃舵湡锛屾�ф枃鍖栨槸涓�涓�鐩稿�瑰紑鏀剧殑璇濋�樸�傚�撻櫌鏂囧寲鍜屾俯娉夋梾棣嗙殑鍏磋捣锛屼娇寰楁�т氦鏄撲笌濞变箰琛屼负鎴愪负鏅�閬嶇幇璞★紝鏄ョ敾鎴愪负浜嗚繖绉嶆枃鍖栫殑涓�閮ㄥ垎銆�
姝ゅ�栵紝鏄ョ敾涔熷彈鍒板剴瀹躲�佷經鏁欏拰閬撴暀鎬濇兂鐨勫奖鍝嶃�傚湪杩欎簺鏂囧寲涓�锛屾�т笉浠呬粎琚�瑙嗕负鑲変綋琛屼负锛屾洿鏄�涓�绉嶇敓鍛藉姏鐨勪綋鐜般�傛槬鐢讳綔鍝佸父甯搁�氳繃鎻忕粯浜轰笌鑷�鐒剁殑鍜岃皭鍏崇郴锛屾潵琛ㄨ揪瀵圭敓鍛芥湰璐ㄧ殑鎺㈢储銆�
### 鏄ョ敾涓庣幇浠ｇぞ浼�
鍦ㄧ幇浠ｇぞ浼氾紝鏄ョ敾鐨勫奖鍝嶄粛鐒跺瓨鍦ㄣ�傞殢鐫�鏂囧寲鐨勫叏鐞冨寲鍜屽�规�у紑鏀炬�佸害鐨勬敼鍙橈紝鏄ョ敾浣滀负涓�绉嶅巻鍙茶壓鏈�褰㈠紡琚�閲嶆柊瀹¤�嗐�傛湁浜涜壓鏈�瀹跺紑濮嬪皢鏄ョ敾鐨勫厓绱犺瀺鍏ュ埌鐜颁唬鍒涗綔涓�锛屼娇浼犵粺涓庣幇浠ｇ浉缁撳悎銆�
鍚屾椂锛屾槬鐢讳篃寮曞彂浜嗗叧浜庢�ф暀鑲插拰鎬ф枃鍖栫殑璁ㄨ�恒�傞�氳繃瀵规槬鐢荤殑鐮旂┒锛屼汉浠�鍙�浠ユ洿娣卞叆鍦扮悊瑙ｅ巻鍙蹭笂浜轰滑瀵规�х殑鐪嬫硶锛岃繖瀵逛簬鏋勫缓鍋ュ悍鐨勬�ц�傚康鍜屾帹鍔ㄦ�ф暀鑲茬殑鍙戝睍鏈夌潃绉�鏋佹剰涔夈��
### 鎬荤粨
鏃ユ湰鏄ョ敾鏄�涓�绉嶇嫭鐗圭殑鑹烘湳褰㈠紡锛岃暣鍚�鐫�娣卞帤鐨勬枃鍖栧唴娑点�傚畠涓嶄粎鏄�鎬ц�屼负鐨勬弿缁橈紝鏇存槸瀵圭敓娲汇�佹儏鎰熷拰浜洪檯鍏崇郴鐨勬繁鍒诲弽鎬濄�傛槬鐢诲湪鍘嗗彶涓婂崰鎹�浜嗛噸瑕佺殑鍦颁綅锛屽奖鍝嶇潃鏃ユ湰鐨勭編瀛﹀拰鏂囧寲瑙傚康銆傚湪鐜颁唬绀句細锛屾槬鐢讳緷鐒跺叿鏈夊�熼壌鍜屽惎绀烘剰涔夛紝淇冧娇鎴戜滑鏇村ソ鍦扮悊瑙ｆ�с�佹枃鍖栦笌鑹烘湳涔嬮棿鐨勫叧绯汇�傞�氳繃瀵规槬鐢荤殑鐮旂┒涓庤В璇伙紝鎴戜滑鍙�浠ユ洿鍏ㄩ潰鍦拌�よ瘑鏃ユ湰鐨勪紶缁熸枃鍖栵紝骞朵粠涓�鎵惧埌鍊煎緱鍊熼壌鐨勬櫤鎱с��